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Cefuroxime
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(6R,7R)-3-{[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl}-7-{[(2E)-2-(2-furyl)-2-(methoxyimino) acetyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	55268-75-2
ATC code	J01DC02 QJ51DA06
PubChem	5361202
DrugBank	APRD00285
ChemSpider	4514699
Chemical data
Formula	C16H16N4O8S
Mol. mass	424.386 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	37% on empty stomach, up to 52% if taken after food
Metabolism	axetil moiety is metabolized to acetaldehyde and acetic acid
Half life	80 minutes
Excretion	Urine 66-100% Unchanged
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	Not known to be harmful (BNF)
Legal status	Prescription Only Medicine(UK/USA)
Routes	oral, intramuscular, intravenous
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Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that has been widely available in the USA as Ceftin since 1977. GlaxoSmithKline sells the antibiotic in the United Kingdom (and other countries, such as Australia, Turkey, Israel, Bangladesh, Thailand and Poland) under the name Zinnat.^[1]

Indications

As for the other cephalosporins, although as a second-generation it is less susceptible to Beta-lactamase and so may have greater activity against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Lyme disease.

Side effects

Cefuroxime is generally well tolerated and side effects are usually transient. Cefuroxime, if ingested with food, is both better absorbed and less likely to cause its most common side effects of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches/migraines, dizziness and abdominal pain.

Although there is a widely quoted cross-allergy risk of 10% between cephalosporins and penicillin, recent assessments have shown no increased risk for cross-allergy for cefuroxime and several other 2nd generation or later cephalosporins.^[2]

Trade names

• Altacef (Glenmark)
• Axet 500mg tablets (Xeno Pharmaceuticals), Philippines
• Biofuroksym (Bioton S.A.), Poland^[3]
• Cefteja (Quadra)
• Ceftin (GlaxoSmithKline), United States and Canada
• Ceftum (GlaxoSmithKline), India
• Cefutil (Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.), Bangladesh
• Ceroxime 250mg and 500mg (Asiatic Laboratories Ltd.), Bangladesh
• Cetil (Lupin)
• Ecocef 750mg IV (Xeno Pharmaceuticals), Philippines
• Famicef (The ACME Laboratories Ltd), Bangladesh
• Forcef (Aristo), India
• Haginat (DHG Pharma), Vietnam^[4]
• Kefstar (Wockhardt)
• Kilmax (Eskayef Bangladesh Limited), Bangladesh
• Maxil (Hikma Pharmaceutica), Portugal
• Oxime 750mg IV (Allied Pharmaceutical Mktg Corp), Philippines^[5]
• Panaxim 750 and 500mg, (Panpharma-Meinz), Philippines
• Secomax 250 and 500mg, (General Pharma), Bangladesh
• Shincef, Philippines
• Staxim (Delta Pharma Limited), Bangladesh^[6]
• Xylid (Pharmaniaga), Malaysia
• Zamur (Mepha)
• Zefu (FDC LTD), India
• Zinacef (Glaxo Wellcome), China, Israel, United Kingdom
• Zinadol (GlaxoSmithKline), Greece
• Zinex (Birzeit Pharmaceutical Company), Palestine
• Zinnat (GlaxoSmithKline), Belgium, Brazil, Malta, Israel, Hungary, Bulgaria
• Zinoximor, Saudi Arabia
• Zocef, (Alkem Laboratories), Malaysia

References

1. ^ Zinnat entry on the Glaxo Smith Kline website.
2. ^ Pichichero ME (2006). "Cephalosporins can be prescribed safely for penicillin-allergic patients" (PDF). The Journal of family practice 55 (2): 10612. PMID 16451776. http://www.jfponline.com/pdf%2F5502%2F5502JFP_AppliedEvidence1.pdf. 
3. ^ Jedrzejczyk, Tadeusz. "Internetowa Encyklopedia Leków". leki.med.pl. http://www.leki.med.pl/lek.phtml?id=428&idnlek=2682&menu=4. Retrieved 2007-03-03. 
4. ^ Drugs.com: Haginat
5. ^ Allied Pharmaceutical Marketing Corporation
6. ^ Delta Pharma Limited