Maalox Anti-Gas  

Simethicone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
Poly(dimethylsiloxane), silicon dioxide
Identifiers
CAS number	8050-81-5
ATC code	A03AX13
PubChem	6433516
Chemical data
Formula	(C2H6OSi)n · (SiO2)m
Mol. mass	variable
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	not absorbed from the gut
Protein binding	N/A
Metabolism	N/A
Half life	N/A
Excretion	N/A
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	OTC(US)
Routes	Oral

Simethicone is an oral anti-foaming agent used to reduce bloating, discomfort and pain caused by excess gas in the stomach or intestinal tract. It is a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and silica gel.

Chemical action

Simethicone is an anti-foaming agent that decreases the surface tension of gas bubbles, causing them to combine into larger bubbles in the stomach that can be passed more easily by burping. Simethicone does not reduce or prevent the formation of gas in the digestive tract, rather, it increases the rate at which it exits the body.^[1]. However, simethicone can relieve pain caused by gas in the intestines by decreasing foaming which then allows for passing of flatus. Simethicone is not absorbed by the body into the bloodstream, and is therefore considered relatively safe, with sources reporting the worst side effects as bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gas and heartburn. Simethicone solutions of differing concentration also have industrial applications for reducing foaming in certain chemical processes.

Dosage

Simethicone comes in many different oral forms, which have differing usual dosages. Though there are standard dosages for adults and teens, dosages for children should be determined by a doctor.

• Capsules or tablets:

Adults and teenagers: 60 to 125 milligrams (mg) four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. No more than 500 mg should be taken in twenty-four hours.

• Chewable tablets:

Adults and teenagers: 40 to 125 mg four times a day, after meals and at bedtime or the dose may be 150 mg three times a day, after meals. No more than 500 mg should be taken in twenty-four hours.

• Suspension:

Adults and teenagers: 40 to 95 mg four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. No more than 500 mg should be taken in twenty-four hours.

• Dissolving membrane:

A thin dissolving membrane dose that is placed on the tongue and dissolves with saliva.

Availability

Simethicone is generally available over the counter under many trade names in varying dosage sizes and combinations with other drugs, including:

Other uses

While not indicated on the label, it has been reported^{[by whom?]} that simethicone is sometimes used by patients before a gastroscopy or a radiography of the bowel. Simethicone is also used in some detergents when foaming is unwanted.

Despite being useful in the treatment of gas, simethicone does not appear to be useful in the treatment of infant colic.^[4]

Simethicone is also used in the Biotech industry, fermentation process, to reduce the effects of shearing of proteins due to agitation.

References

1. ^ Norton, William (2005-01-09). "Controlling Intestinal Gas". http://www.iffgd.org/store/viewproduct/155. Retrieved 2007-07-31. 
2. ^ Product information (German)
3. ^ Product information (German)
4. ^ University of Michigan clinical trial for simethicone used for colic

• "Jackson Gastroenterology - Patient Education - Simethicone". http://www.gicare.com/pated/simethicone.htm. Retrieved July 30 2005. 
• "Medline Plus - Simethicone". http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682683.html. Retrieved April 16 2007. 

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