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Oxymetholone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
17-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene- 17-methyl-3-androstanone
Identifiers
CAS number	434-07-1
ATC code	A14AA05
PubChem	9902
Chemical data
Formula	C21H32O3
Mol. mass	332.48 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	95%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	8-9 hours
Excretion	Urinary:95%
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	X
Legal status	Prescription only (US)
Routes	Oral

Oxymetholone (Anadrol) is a synthetic anabolic steroid developed by Zoltan 'Anadrol Z' F. in 1960. Its primary clinical applications include treatment of osteoporosis and anaemia, as well as stimulating muscle growth in undernourished or underdeveloped patients. The drug was approved for human use by the FDA. Later, non-steroidal drugs such as Epogen were developed and proven to be more effective as a treatment for anaemia and osteoporosis without the side-effects of oxymetholone. The drug remained available despite this and eventually found a new use in treating HIV wasting syndrome. Presented most commonly as a 50 mg tablet, oxymetholone is the strongest androgenic steroid available.^{[citation needed]} Similarly, it also poses the greatest risk of side effects of any steroid. Despite very low binding affinity with the androgen receptor, oxymetholone is highly effective in promoting extensive gains in body mass, mostly by greatly improving protein synthesis.^{[citation needed]} For this reason, it is often used by bodybuilders and athletes. Many athletes also use oxymetholone as a method of protection for the joints under heavy loads. Due to the high water retention users experience from this drug, it similarly lubricates the joints and helps protect them from injury.^{[citation needed]} Oxymetholone is widely considered by bodybuilders to have the strongest anabolic effect out of any oral steroid available.

Side effects

The side-effects of short-term use of the drug itself include nausea, bloating, acne, and masculinizing effects such as deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair and clitoral hypertrophy.^{[citation needed]} In addition, unless selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen or clomifene are taken in conjunction with the drug, there is a significant risk of the appearance of estrogenic effects such as gynaecomastia over time.^{[citation needed]} Because of its 17-alkylated structure, oxymetholone is highly hepatotoxic. Long term use of the drug can cause a variety of serious ailments, including hepatitis, liver cancer, and cirrhosis.^{[citation needed]} It is dangerous to take oxymetholone in high dosages for periods of time exceeding four weeks, and is commonly used by bodybuilders during the start of a steroid cycle to help gain mass.

Use with other steroids

To further its effectiveness as an anabolic agent, bodybuilders typically "stack" oxymetholone with other anabolic steroids. Since it is already a very potent androgen, many users will only use it for the first 3-4 week of the cycle, giving time for intra-muscularly injected products such as nandrolone, boldenone and testosterone to reach maximum blood levels.

References

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008)

External links

• Official Anadrol-50 Site - Oral Anabolic Steroid FDA-approved for Anemia
• Oxymetholone information at Rxlist.com

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